Literature
- Bonnevie, K. 1913. (reprinted 1933). Pteropoda from the Michael Sars North-Atlantic Deep-Sea expedition. Rep. Sci. Res. 'Michael Sars' North Atl. Deep-Sea exp. 3(1): 1-69, 4 tabs, 58 figs, 9 pls.
- Spoel, S. van der 1972b. Pteropoda, Thecosomata. Cons. int. Expl. Mer. Zooplankton Sheet 140-142: 1-12.
- Spoel, S. van der 1976c. Pseudothecosomata, Gymnosomata and Heteropoda. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. 484 pp. 246 figs.